牛津大学 英文

　　牛津大学在研究品质评估中，许多学系获得五星级的评分，学校之授课老师经常是在各自学术领域里的世界级权威。该校在心理学、生物学和法律、工程学、社会科学、经济、哲学、历史、音乐、化学、生物化学、文学、法语、德语、丹麦语、数学、物理、地球科学上均是行内之翘楚。

　　牛津的教师队伍中，就有83位皇家学会会员， 125位英国科学院院士。在数学、计算机科学、物理、生物学、医学等领域，它都名列英国乃至世界前茅。牛津不仅在文科而且在理科、不仅在基础科学而且在应用科学研究中都取得了举世瞩目的成就。

　　The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest university of all those in countries where English is the people‘s first language.

　　The university consists of 38 colleges and another 6 “private halls”. All of these colleges have their own buildings and their own staff, making Oxford quite different from most modern universities where all the students live on a “campus”. Oxford does not have a campus, although it does have some central places where students from different colleges can come together either to study (for example, libraries) or to enjoy themselves (for example, the Oxford Union).

　　History(历史)：

　　Many people who study history think that there was a university in Oxford in the 11th century, and the University of Oxford grew bigger in 1167, after English students studying in Paris, France were not allowed to continue studying after the murder of St Thomas Becket by King Henry II of England. There were fights between the students in Oxford and the people who lived there in the early 13th century. Some students and teachers left the university in 1209, and made a new university in Cambridge. These two universities are now great rivals, and together are sometimes known as “Oxbridge”.

　　Until 1920, women were not allowed to take degrees at Oxford, although some women studied at Oxford before that time. Nowadays all the colleges allow both men and women as students, and the number of male and female students is roughly equal.

　　One of the most famous professors at university was Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, nonsense stories for children.

　　Colleges and Halls（学院）：

　　There are 38 colleges at Oxford and 6 ’permanent private halls‘.

　　A college will normally offer the students accommodation (a room to sleep and study in) for the first and last years of their time at University. Many also offer accommodation for other years. A college will also have space for teaching and socializing. When most of the older colleges started they were only for people of one sex, but St Hilda’s College, the last college to allow only women to study there, recently allowed men as well.

　　A permanent private hall is slightly different to a college. They were normally started by religious groups to educate their members in philosophy and theology, but some have since grown and offer a broader range of subjects. Some halls are run by monks and will only accept male students.

　　Most colleges will teach at both undergraduate (the more basic first degree that a student takes) and postgraduate (a higher level of study) level. There are also some special colleges who are more restrictive. Five college only offer space to postgraduate students. Harris Manchester college is only for ‘Mature Students’ (those who are over 21 when they start their degree). All Souls college does not take students - all of its members teach students or do research.